Mitogenome phylogeny
The newest mitochondrial sequence is actually a popular molecular ong pet 35 . In the present analysis, to advance clarify the latest phylogenetic interrelationships inside Anatidae, concatenated nucleotide sequences off 13 PCGs as well as 2 rRNA genes have been taken from 37 Anatidae aves, regarding the five Aythya types, you to Netta species, one to Asarcornis variety, one to Mareca kinds, 7 Anas varieties, about three Mergus kinds, one Lophodytes types, three Bucephala varieties, one Cairina varieties, one Aix species, several Tadorna types, four Cygnus varieties, you to Branta types, five Anser kinds, plus one Dendrocygna varieties.
In both the latest Bayesian inference (BI) and you can restrict probability (ML) analyses, new phylogenetic trees had almost the same topologies (Fig. 7, Additional Figs. 1 and you can 2). Each other woods from the several analyses was in fact backed by an effective analytical beliefs. Generally speaking, brand new genera Aythya, Netta, Asarcornis, Anas, Mareca, Mergus, Lophodytes, Bucephala, Cairina, Tadorna, and you may Aix clustered from inside the subfamily Anatinae, while the new subfamily Anserinae got a brother relationship with Anatinae, along with Cygnus, Branta, and you will Anser. Dendrocygna javanica, whoever erect position, elongated neck and you can legs, and you will conspicuous perching-tree routine identify it regarding other Anseriformes variety, diverged prior to about head ancestry and you will is short for a brother clade so you can Anatinae-Anserinae 36 . All of our topology is actually extremely consistent with the outcome of degree depending on studies out-of concatenated mitochondrial nucleotide sequences out of ND2 and you may Cytb genetics, in addition to having morphological research thirty-six,37,38 .
Molecular phylogenetic analysis away from 37 Anatidae kinds created by MrBayes and you will IQ forest. Quantity next to the nodes portray posterior probabilities (left) and bootstrap viewpoints (right).
Within Anserinae, species of the brand new genus Anser are associated with Branta canadensis closely. It is relative to earlier morphology-based analyses 39 . The trouble is far more state-of-the-art to your big subfamily Anatinae. Within subfamily, we located four consistent clades: Aythyini (Aythya + Netta + Asarcornis), Anatini (Anas + Mareca), Mergini (Mergus + Lophodytes + Bucephala), and you can Cairinini (Cairina + Aix + Tadorna). Cairinini are the brand new sis number of all other Anatinae tribes, that has been highly backed by the outcome of your own expose investigation. In the Anatinae tribes, Anatini and you will Aythyini has better phylogenetic relationships, and they results are backed by morphological knowledge and you may phylogenetic data predicated on a couple of PCGs 37,38 . Inside the genus flingster reviews Aythya, An excellent. americana and you can A good. ferina were clustered as well as better-supported values. At the same time, A great. fuligula in addition to clade (An effective. americana + A beneficial. ferina) molded a premier-served worth part. Our address variety, A great. baeri, additionally the clade (A good. fuligula + (A great. americana + A good. ferina)) had been clustered into the one to department, recommending the latest four varieties form a great monophyletic classification.
Results
The current analysis offered the mitogenome away from An effective. baeri (sixteen,623 bp, accession amount MT129533). This rounded mtDNA provided 13 PCGs, one or two rRNAs, twenty two tRNAs, and another CR. Using evaluation, it was discovered that the new genome out of A good. baeri demonstrated feature series structures and you may is actually a bit just like people away from Aythya aves. One of many PCGs, ND3 encountered the very polymorphism and you may large genetic range. Our very own phylogenetic investigation considering shared mitochondrial gene place (thirteen PCGs and two rRNAs) regarding 37 Anatidae types using BI and you can ML algorithms indicated that An effective. baeri are closely pertaining to A good. fuligula, A great. americana, and you can An effective. ferina. In fact, we deduced why these species was in fact monophyletic. Furthermore, most of the genera where numerous species was indeed studied were together with seen to be monophyletic except for Anas, given that that incorporated Mareca. The current studies will bring a significant source with the preservation off the studied critically threatened varieties as well as worthwhile recommendations to own after that phylogenetic and you can evolutionary research with the loved ones Anatidae.