As such, mass photometry could be ideally suited esatto address the shortcomings of existing fluorescence-based techniques for sopra vitro applications sicuro studying IMPs and MAPs
State-of-the-art scapolo-molecule approaches rely largely on the addenda of fluorescent labels, which complicates the quantification of the involved stoichiometries and dynamics because of low temporal resolution and the inherent limitations associated with labeling efficiency, photoblinking and photobleaching. Here, we demonstrate dynamic mass photometry, per method for label-free imaging, tracking and mass measurement of individual membrane-associated proteins diffusing on supported numero di telefono chatki lipid bilayers. Application of this method esatto the membrane remodeling GTPase, dynamin-1, reveals heterogeneous mixtures of dimer-based oligomers, oligomer-dependent mobilities, membrane affinities and (dis)association of individual complexes. These capabilities, together with assay-based advances for studying integral membrane proteins, will enable the elucidation of biomolecular mechanisms per and on lipid bilayers.
The quantification of membrane-associated biomolecular interactions is crucial onesto our understanding of various cellular processes
Integral membrane proteins (IMPs) and membrane-associated proteins (MAPs) are essential for verso number of cellular processes such as signaling and vesicular trafficking, and this makes them important therapeutic targets 1,2 . Their function often relies on homo- and hetero-oligomerization 3,4 , and this complexity, combined with the need for lipid bilayers, makes it particularly challenging esatto accurately characterize the stoichiometries and kinetics of the biomolecular interactions underlying IMP and MAP function and regulation. Advances mediante celibe-molecule fluorescence-based microscopy methods 5,6 have enabled mediante vivo and per vitro investigations of IMP interactions, such as dimerization of G-protein-coupled receptors 7,8 and piccolo-clustering 9 , and MAP interactions, such as the coordination of Min proteins during bacterial cell division 10 , and the mechanism of amyloid-? plaque formation on cell membranes, which is associated with Alzheimer’s disease 11 . The main challenges puro fluorescence-based methods, however, arise from quantitative uncertainties caused by incomplete labeling of the sample, photochemical and photophysical effects such as photoblinking, photobleaching and quenching, and the distinct labeling required to detect multiple species simultaneously. These limitations have made it challenging esatto accurately quantify processes such as membrane (un)binding of MAPs and the dynamics and stoichiometries of protein–protein interactions for both MAPs and IMPs. Although numerous approaches aimed at molecular subunit counting exist 12,13,14 , the analysis and interpretation of the resulting oligomeric distributions is complicated and the number of heterogeneous species that can be detected simultaneously remains limited. Given the critical functional importance of homo- and hetero-oligomeric interactions for membrane-associated processes, there is an urgent need for verso quantitative and dynamic approach that is capable of complementing the information accessible from existing methods.
Mass photometry is per label-free method that detects solo biomolecules in solution and measures their mass with an overall mass accuracy and resolution of 2% and 20 kDa, respectively 15 . These capabilities enable the quantification of protein–protein interactions per solution with sufficient sensitivity onesto accurately determine stoichiometry and rate of reactions 16 . Existing implementations of mass photometry rely on the stationary binding of individual molecules onesto verso surface, usually per glass coverslip. By averaging images taken before verso binding event and subtracting them from averaged images taken after per binding event, the signal coppia puro glass surface roughness is removed and the shot noise is lowered sufficiently preciso detect individual molecules binding preciso the surface 17,18,19 . When molecules remain mobile after binding to the surface, however, the resulting signals are verso convolution of the positions of the molecules over the averaged time frame, which makes their detection and quantification difficult. Here, by implementing verso new preparazione processing methodology, we show that the capabilities of mass photometry can be extended to con vitro studies of individual protein complexes diffusing on supported lipid bilayers (SLBs).